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NEUROVASCULAR 

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Neurovascular

The term neurovascular combines "neuro" (referring to the nervous system) and "vascular" (relating to blood vessels). It describes the intricate and vital connection between the nervous system, particularly the brain and spinal cord, and the network of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to these critical areas. This relationship ensures proper brain function, coordination, and communication throughout the body, as even brief disruptions in blood flow can lead to serious neurological damage or life-threatening conditions.

Common Neurovascular Disorders:

  • Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)
    A sudden interruption of blood supply to the brain, caused by a clot (ischemic stroke) or bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke).

  • Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
    A "mini-stroke" caused by temporary blockage of blood flow, usually lasting a few minutes to hours without permanent damage.

  • Aneurysm
    A weak or bulging area in a blood vessel wall that can rupture and cause bleeding in the brain.

  • Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
    A tangle of abnormal blood vessels connecting arteries and veins in the brain, which can rupture and cause bleeding.

  • Cerebral Hemorrhage
    Bleeding within the brain due to trauma, high blood pressure, or vessel abnormalities.

  • Carotid Artery Disease
    Narrowing of the carotid arteries (which supply blood to the brain), increasing the risk of stroke.

Diagnosis of Neurovascular Conditions:

  • MRI / CT Scan – To detect bleeding, blockages, or damage in the brain.

  • Cerebral Angiography – Imaging of brain blood vessels.

  • Doppler Ultrasound – Checks blood flow in arteries and veins.

  • Blood Tests – To assess clotting, cholesterol, and other risk factors.

Treatment Options:

  • Medication: Blood thinners, blood pressure control, cholesterol-lowering drugs.

  • Surgery: Clot removal (thrombectomy), aneurysm clipping or coiling, AVM removal.

  • Lifestyle changes: Diet, exercise, quitting smoking, managing diabetes/hypertension.

  • Rehabilitation: Physical, speech, and occupational therapy after stroke or brain injury.

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