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Traumatic Brain and Spine Injury

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Traumatic Brain and Spine Injury

Traumatic Brain and Spine Injuries (TBI & TSI) refer to sudden physical damage to the brain or spinal cord caused by an external force, such as an accident, fall, sports injury, or violence. These injuries can range from mild to severe and may result in temporary or permanent impairment of physical, cognitive, or neurological functions.

Brain Tumors

Types of Brain Tumors

  1. Gliomas – The most common type, including glioblastomas, astrocytomas, and oligodendrogliomas.

  2. Meningiomas – Usually benign, arising from the meninges (brain coverings).

  3. Pituitary Tumors – Affect hormone production.

  4. Medulloblastomas – More common in children, arising in the cerebellum.

  5. Metastatic Brain Tumors – Spread from cancers in other body parts (lungs, breast, etc.).

Symptoms of Brain Tumors

  • Persistent headaches, worse in the morning

  • Nausea or vomiting

  • Vision or hearing problems

  • Seizures

  • Weakness or numbness in limbs

  • Memory loss or personality changes

Spine Tumors

Types of Spine Tumors

  1. Intramedullary Tumors – Originate in the spinal cord (e.g., astrocytomas, ependymomas).

  2. Extramedullary Tumors – Grow outside the spinal cord but within the spine (e.g., meningiomas, schwannomas).

  3. Metastatic Spine Tumors – Cancer that spreads to the spine from other parts of the body.

Symptoms of Spine Tumors

  • Back pain, worsening over time

  • Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs

  • Weakness or difficulty walking

  • Loss of bladder or bowel control

Diagnosis

  • MRI & CT Scans – Provide detailed imaging of brain and spine tumors.

  • Biopsy – Determines if the tumor is benign or malignant.

  • Neurological Exams – Evaluate reflexes, muscle strength, and coordination.

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